What is an onsen?
A few words about Japan's thermal springs
Japan is well-known for its frequent earthquakes and magnificent mountains, which include active volcanoes like Sakurajima and Mount Aso. While the country's tectonic activity presents challenges, it also offers the benefit of numerous hot springs. Known as onsen, these hot springs are a vital part of the country's culture.
Did you know that some of Japan's oldest hot springs boast over a thousand-year-long legacies? For example, Dogo-onsen's origin date is unknown. However, it was first mentioned in a document as early as 759 AD (so who knows when it was really established!). Dogo-onsen is even featured in a legend about Prince Shotoku, who lived one century earlier. Another fascinating place is Nishiyama Onsen Keiunkan, a spring and traditional inn (ryokan) in operation since 705 AD. Remarkably, it has been run by the same family for 52 generations! This long history underscores the deep cultural significance of onsen in Japan. Those hot springs have been seen as both leisure retreats and avenues for health improvement. Most onsen list health benefits associated with their springs, which vary based on location. Some alleviate skin issues, rheumatism, fatigue, depression, circulation problems, and more. While I can't verify most health claims, I can confirm that an onsen bath genuinely eases fatigue and muscle pain.
It's worth noting that onsen can be natural or artificial. Natural springs supply warm water directly, categorized by the minerals they contain (such as sulfur, iron, sodium-chloride, naturally carbonated, etc.). In contrast, artificial springs have heated water that typically lacks minerals (and we should actually refer to them as public baths...).
When I first planned my Japan trip, I aimed to visit an onsen but felt slightly apprehensive. As I mentioned earlier, one should enter onsen completely naked. But that’s not the only rule. To properly enjoy an onsen, you must adhere to the following guidelines:
Tattoos are generally prohibited for historical reasons. However, this doesn't mean those with tattoos cannot enter; they might just need to cover them with a bandage when possible. Also few onsens allow tattoos or offer private baths, so you don't have to worry too much.
As mentioned earlier - you must completely undress. Clothes and large towels are usually stored in lockable lockers. While some onsen require taking toiletries to the shower, most provide everything on-site. It's best to review onsen-specific information beforehand to avoid carrying unnecessary items.
Before entering the bath, wash yourself thoroughly. Although showering before bathing might sound odd, it ensures pool cleanliness, preventing contamination that would inconvenience others and require water changes. By washing first, everyone enjoys a more pleasant experience.
If you use a stool while showering, rinse it to keep it clean for the next person.
Avoid fully immersing in water. Your hair should never touch the water! Long hair must be tied up, ensuring pool hygiene. No one wants to encounter floating hair while bathing...
Ensure your towel doesn't touch the water, either! This rule follows the same logic as above. A large towel usually stays in the locker room, but you can take the small one with you. Unsure what to do with it? You can place it nearby or, as is often the case, fold it neatly on your head.
Avoid splashing, making noise, or being rowdy, as onsen are public, tranquil spaces. Others may seek peace and quiet, too.
After taking a bath, it's often recommended to rest. Many onsen offer lounges, seating areas, or rooms for massages or massage chairs. Relaxing after relaxation? It's as delightful as it sounds. While unwinding, remember to stay quiet to preserve the serene atmosphere for others. An interesting post-bath tradition in Japan involves drinking milk. Most onsen have vending machines offering drinks, including milk, at the exit. Although a recent introduction (~ 1950s to 1970s), it became popular. Back then, not all homes had refrigerators; however, many onsens and public baths did. This helped to boost milk sales, and now it's part of the onsen experience.
Though it seems there are many rules for a place meant for relaxation, it’s crucial to respect Japanese culture, especially as visitors. If you plan to visit Japan, I highly recommend experiencing an onsen! If the thought of entering place naked is daunting, choose one with private rooms. Either way, it's an unforgettable experience.